Puplication Ethics Policy

The Malaysian Online Journal of Educational Technology (MOJET) is committed to maintaining high standards of publication ethics, research integrity, academic transparency, and responsible scholarly communication. The journal follows the Core Practices and relevant guidance of the Committee on Publication Ethics (COPE) and internationally accepted principles of ethical scholarly publishing.

These principles apply to all parties involved in the publication process, including authors, reviewers, editors, members of the Editorial Board, and the publisher.

Responsibilities of Authors

Authors submitting manuscripts to MOJET are expected to ensure that:

• The submitted manuscript is original and has not been published previously, except in forms that are clearly disclosed and permitted by the journal.

• The manuscript is not under consideration by another journal at the time of submission.

• All listed authors have made substantial scholarly contributions to the work, have approved the submitted version, and accept responsibility for the integrity of the manuscript.

• Individuals who contributed to the work but do not meet the criteria for authorship are appropriately acknowledged.

• All sources, data, ideas, figures, tables, instruments, and materials derived from other works are properly cited and acknowledged.

• Data have been collected, analyzed, interpreted, and reported honestly and accurately.

• Fabrication, falsification, selective reporting, plagiarism, citation manipulation, and other forms of research misconduct have not occurred.

• All relevant financial, institutional, professional, or personal conflicts of interest are disclosed.

• Research involving human participants or animals has received appropriate ethical approval where required.

• Authors promptly inform the Editorial Office if they discover a significant error or inaccuracy in their submitted or published work and cooperate in any necessary correction or retraction process.

Authorship and Contributorship

Authorship should accurately reflect substantial scholarly contributions to the conception, design, execution, analysis, interpretation, or reporting of the research.

All authors must approve the final version of the manuscript and agree to its submission. Guest authorship, honorary authorship, ghost authorship, and the omission of individuals who have made substantial contributions are considered unethical practices.

Requests to add, remove, or rearrange authors after submission must be submitted to the Editorial Office with a clear explanation and written agreement from all authors concerned. Requests for authorship changes after acceptance or publication will be considered only in exceptional and properly justified circumstances.

Responsibilities of Reviewers

Reviewers are expected to:

• Evaluate manuscripts objectively, fairly, and confidentially.

• Assess submissions on the basis of their scholarly quality, methodological rigor, originality, clarity, and relevance to the scope of the journal.

• Provide constructive, respectful, evidence based, and sufficiently detailed comments.

• Disclose any financial, professional, institutional, or personal conflicts of interest that may affect their impartiality.

• Decline review invitations when they lack the necessary expertise or cannot complete the review within the requested period.

• Inform the editors of suspected plagiarism, duplicate publication, data fabrication, data falsification, citation manipulation, or other potential ethical concerns.

• Maintain the confidentiality of manuscripts and all information obtained during the review process.

• Not use unpublished data, arguments, interpretations, or other information obtained through peer review for personal or professional advantage.

Responsibilities of Editors

Editors are responsible for:

• Making editorial decisions on the basis of scholarly merit, originality, methodological quality, ethical integrity, and relevance to the journal's aims and scope.

• Ensuring a fair, independent, timely, and confidential peer review process.

• Maintaining editorial independence and protecting editorial decisions from inappropriate commercial, institutional, political, or personal influence.

• Ensuring that manuscripts are evaluated without discrimination based on nationality, ethnicity, gender, religion, institutional affiliation, disability, personal characteristics, or other irrelevant considerations.

• Identifying and managing potential conflicts of interest involving authors, reviewers, editors, and Editorial Board members.

• Protecting the confidentiality of submitted manuscripts, authors, and reviewers.

• Investigating credible allegations of research or publication misconduct fairly and consistently.

• Taking appropriate editorial action when concerns about submitted or published work are substantiated.

Editors and Editorial Board members must not participate in the editorial decision making process for manuscripts in which they have a conflict of interest. Such manuscripts will be managed independently by another qualified editor.

Peer Review Integrity

MOJET is committed to maintaining the integrity, independence, and confidentiality of its peer review process.

Reviewer selection is based on subject expertise and the absence of relevant conflicts of interest. Reviewers must not contact authors directly regarding manuscripts under review.

Attempts to manipulate the peer review process, including fabricated reviewer identities, false contact information, inappropriate influence on reviewers, or undisclosed relationships that compromise review independence, are considered serious breaches of publication ethics.

Research Misconduct

MOJET does not tolerate research or publication misconduct. Misconduct includes, but is not limited to:

• Plagiarism and substantial unattributed copying

• Unacceptable text recycling or self plagiarism

• Data fabrication

• Data falsification or inappropriate manipulation

• Duplicate or redundant publication

• Simultaneous submission to multiple journals

• Citation manipulation

• Peer review manipulation

• Undisclosed conflicts of interest

• Inappropriate authorship practices

• Misrepresentation of ethical approval, consent procedures, research methods, or research findings

Suspected cases of misconduct will be investigated in accordance with relevant COPE guidance. The journal will seek clarification and supporting documentation when necessary and will provide the parties concerned with an appropriate opportunity to respond.

Depending on the nature and severity of the case, editorial action may include rejection of the manuscript, suspension of the review process, publication of a correction, expression of concern, retraction, or other appropriate measures.

Plagiarism and Similarity Screening

All manuscripts submitted to MOJET may be screened using appropriate similarity detection software before or during the editorial evaluation process.

Similarity reports are evaluated by the editorial team in context. A numerical similarity percentage alone does not determine whether plagiarism has occurred. Editors consider the source, extent, nature, and context of overlapping material.

Manuscripts containing substantial plagiarism, duplicate publication, inappropriate text recycling, or other forms of unacceptable overlap may be rejected without external review or may be subject to further investigation.

Ethical Oversight and Research Involving Human Participants

Research involving human participants must comply with applicable institutional, national, and international ethical standards.

Where required, authors must provide the name of the approving ethics committee or institutional review board and relevant approval information in the manuscript. Authors must also state whether informed consent was obtained from participants or their legal representatives when applicable.

For research involving children, students, vulnerable populations, sensitive personal information, or potentially identifiable data, authors are expected to demonstrate appropriate ethical safeguards, consent procedures, and data protection measures.

If formal ethical approval was not required for a particular study, authors should clearly explain the relevant institutional or legal basis for this exemption when requested by the editors.

Conflicts of Interest

Authors, reviewers, and editors must disclose relationships or interests that could reasonably be perceived as influencing their professional judgment.

Conflicts of interest may be financial, professional, institutional, academic, or personal. The existence of a conflict of interest does not necessarily prevent publication or participation in the editorial process; however, relevant conflicts must be transparently declared and appropriately managed.

Editors will not handle manuscripts where their impartiality could reasonably be questioned.

Data Integrity, Availability, and Reproducibility

Authors are responsible for maintaining the integrity and accuracy of the data underlying their research.

MOJET encourages authors to make research data, analysis materials, instruments, and other relevant research materials available when this is ethically, legally, and practically possible.

When data cannot be shared because of participant confidentiality, informed consent restrictions, institutional requirements, intellectual property considerations, or legal limitations, authors should clearly explain these restrictions when appropriate.

Authors may be asked to provide relevant data, documentation, ethical approval records, or other supporting materials during the editorial evaluation or investigation of ethical concerns.

Use of Artificial Intelligence and AI Assisted Technologies

Artificial intelligence and AI assisted technologies cannot be listed as authors because they cannot take responsibility for the accuracy, integrity, originality, and ethical implications of scholarly work.

Authors remain fully responsible for all content included in their manuscripts, including content developed or revised with the assistance of AI based tools.

The use of generative AI or similar technologies for substantial content generation, data analysis, image generation, translation, or other significant research and writing tasks should be transparently disclosed in the manuscript, including the purpose of use where relevant.

AI tools must not be used to fabricate data, create false citations, manipulate research findings, or conceal plagiarism.

Reviewers and editors must protect manuscript confidentiality and should not upload unpublished manuscripts or confidential manuscript content to external AI systems in ways that may compromise confidentiality, intellectual property, or data protection.

Corrections, Retractions, and Expressions of Concern

MOJET is committed to maintaining the accuracy and integrity of the scholarly record.

When a published article contains a significant error that does not invalidate its main findings, the journal may publish a correction.

A retraction may be considered when there is reliable evidence that findings are seriously unreliable because of misconduct or major error, when plagiarism or redundant publication is confirmed, when research was conducted unethically, or when other serious ethical violations undermine the validity or integrity of the publication.

An expression of concern may be published when serious concerns have been raised but an investigation remains incomplete or inconclusive.

Corrections, retractions, and expressions of concern will be clearly identified and linked to the original article whenever technically possible. The original scholarly record will be preserved in accordance with recognized publication ethics practices.

Complaints and Appeals

MOJET considers legitimate complaints and appeals concerning editorial decisions, peer review procedures, publication ethics, and editorial conduct.

Authors who wish to appeal an editorial decision should submit a clear and reasoned explanation to the Editorial Office. Appeals should identify the specific aspects of the editorial or review process that the author believes require reconsideration.

Appeals are evaluated on their scholarly and procedural merits. Submission of an appeal does not guarantee reversal of the original decision.

Complaints involving an editor or Editorial Board member will, where appropriate, be handled by another editor or an independent qualified person who was not involved in the original matter.

Post Publication Discussion and Ethical Concerns

MOJET welcomes responsible scholarly discussion concerning published articles.

Readers, researchers, and other interested parties may contact the Editorial Office to report significant errors, methodological concerns, ethical issues, or suspected misconduct related to published content.

Credible concerns will be assessed and, when necessary, investigated in accordance with relevant publication ethics guidance. Where appropriate, authors may be invited to respond and provide supporting documentation.

If an investigation demonstrates that the scholarly record requires amendment, the journal will take appropriate action, which may include a correction, editorial notice, expression of concern, or retraction.

Confidentiality

Editors, reviewers, Editorial Board members, and editorial staff must treat submitted manuscripts and related correspondence as confidential.

Information obtained through submission, editorial assessment, peer review, or ethical investigation must not be disclosed or used for personal, academic, commercial, or professional advantage without appropriate authorization.

Confidentiality obligations continue after the completion of the review and publication process.

Editorial Independence

Editorial decisions at MOJET are made independently on the basis of academic quality, methodological rigor, ethical integrity, and relevance to the journal's scope.

The publisher supports the editorial independence of the journal and does not interfere with individual editorial decisions. Commercial considerations, advertising relationships, institutional interests, or other external pressures do not determine whether a manuscript is accepted or rejected.

Handling Allegations of Misconduct

MOJET takes credible allegations of research and publication misconduct seriously, regardless of whether concerns are raised before or after publication.

When an allegation is received, the journal will conduct an initial assessment and may request explanations, original data, ethical approval documents, consent records, or other relevant materials from the authors.

Investigations will be conducted as fairly, confidentially, and promptly as reasonably possible. The journal may seek advice from relevant institutions or other appropriate bodies when necessary.

Editorial actions will be determined according to the evidence available, the seriousness of the concern, and relevant COPE guidance.

Commitment to Publication Ethics

MOJET is committed to protecting the integrity of the scholarly record and continuously improving its editorial policies and procedures.

The journal follows the principles and Core Practices of the Committee on Publication Ethics (COPE) in addressing ethical concerns and publication misconduct. The journal's policies may be revised periodically to reflect developments in scholarly publishing standards, research integrity, and publication ethics